Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed proteus Vtg as a mix of 190 kDa isoforms with isoelectric points in the pH range 5.3–6.0. The identification of this protein was accomplished by mass spectrometry analysis. Vtg was identified in the plasma of a vitellogenic proteus female with visible oocytes. Here we describe the identification, partial characterization, and purification of Vtg from P. This would be especially useful in the case of the endangered European cave salamander Proteus anguinus in which sexes are indistinguishable according to external morphology, which hinders the establishment of a successful captive breeding program. Except in a case of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors, Vtg is a female-specific protein and could be used as a molecular marker for sex identification. Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a precursor protein of egg yolk proteins in oviparous and ovoviviparous vertebrates.
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